5G mobile communication systems provide a much higher level of performance than previous generation mobile communication systems.
The new 5G technology is not only the next version of mobile communication, which is evolving from 1G to 2G, 3G, 4G, but also provides a new approach that provides connectivity everywhere.
5G technology is very different. Previous systems have evolved more driven by what can be done with the latest technology. The new 5G technology has been driven by special use advertising apps.
5G mobile communications have been driven by the need to provide everywhere connectivity for applications such as automotive communications, remote control with haptic-style feedback, huge video downloads, as well as very low data speed applications such as remote sensors and so-called IoT, the Internet of Things.
5G is capable of providing much greater flexibility and therefore it can support a much wider range of applications, from low-speed Internet data requirements to very high speed data and very low latency applications.
5G Standardization
Like all widely used systems, 5G mobile communications are governed by a set of standards. Building 2G GSM, 3G UMTS and then 4G LTE, the 5G standard is under the auspices of 3GPP – the third generation Partnership Project.
3GPP has a number of different working groups, each handling elements different from the required standards. They leverage industry experts who give their time and are sponsored by relevant mobile communications companies. In this way standards are written and developed.
By having a major industry organization that controls standards, interested parties can influence standards to ensure that the necessary functionality is obtained. Also as an international standard not only can different companies work on different elements of the system and know they will operate, but also for users, capabilities such as roaming are available, and phone costs, calls, etc. are reduced as a result of scaling savings, etc.
The 3GPP standard is updated as a specific release – each release of the purification element has been described, and introduces new functionality. Previous releases contained standards for GSM, UMTS and LTE. When 5G started to develop, it was also incorporated into the standard.
5G Mobile System Overview
As different generations of mobile telecommunications have evolved, each has brought its own improvements. The same goes for 5G technology.
First generation, 1G: This phone is analogue and is the first phone or phone to be used. Although revolutionary in their day, they offer a very low level of efficiency and spectrum security.
Second generation, 2G: It is based on digital technology and offers better spectrum efficiency, security and new features such as text messaging and low rate data communication.
Third generation, 3G: The purpose of this technology is to provide high-speed data. Native technology is improved to allow data up to 14 Mbps and more.
Fourth generation, 4G: This is an all-IP based technology capable of delivering data speeds of up to 1 Gbps.
5G technology: When 5G was first postulated a number of use cases were brought forward: very high-speed data transfer as video downloads became larger and more common; remote control with low latency – examples of autonomous vehicles communicating with rad infrastructure to provide safe transportation as well as examples of experienced surgeons who can perform complex operations remotely using 5G links. Both of these examples require very low latency mobile communication; more capabilities for general data communication; ability to accommodate very low data speeds and occasional communication for the Internet of Things, IoT where battery life is very long.
Rather than just offering more of what was in the previous generation of mobile communications, 5G technology is needed to offer new capabilities and connectivity everywhere. This requires not only the use of base stations that can be converted to 5G, but also more small cells as well.
5G Requirements
As an introduction to the work of the new 5G mobile communication system, outline requirements have been set. This is the A defined by ITU as part of IMT2020. Even now with 5G as an active mobile communication system, it’s a good idea to refer to this requirement.
5G Communication System
The 5G mobile communication system is a major change in the way mobile communication networks operate. New network topologies, access networks and the like have been determined and implemented.
5G New Radio, 5G NR: New 5G radio is the new name for 5G radio access network. It consists of various elements required for a new radio access network. Using much more flexible technology, the system is able to respond to the needs of different and constantly changing mobile users, whether in the form of small IoT nodes, or high data, stationary, or mobile users.
5G NextGen Core Network: Although the initial 5G deployment utilizes lte core networks or perhaps even 3G networks, they need to move to a flatter structure to provide the necessary low data and latency capabilities
